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UNE ETOILE DANS LE CIEL SUPREME

L'histoire de la Religion de Baha'u'llah compte dans ses annales de nombreuses âmes saintes qui par une longue vie de sacrifice, par leurs activités d'enseignement ou par des réalisations intellectuelles brillantes, ont marqué d'une empreinte indélébile notre mémoire. La vie de Thomas Breakwell, aussi connue soit-elle, ne rentre pourtant dans aucune de ces catégories. Courte et tragique à la fois, elle s'entoure d'une aura de mystère; placée entièrement sous le signe du sacrifice, elle est pour nous un symbole de l'amour ardent qui unit le croyant à son bien-aimé.

Devenu baha'i en 1901, mort en 1902, Thomas Breakwell n'a laissé aucune réalisation concrète. Néanmoins 'Abdu'l-Baha lui a donné un rang qui ne se compare à celui d'aucun des croyants dans l'histoire de la Cause en Occident. Pour ceux qui habitent la France, et plus particulièrement ceux qui habitent Paris, son histoire doit nous être très chère car Thomas Breakwell a voulu que le sacrifice de sa vie soit la pierre de fondation de l'enseignement de la Foi dans notre pays. Son corps déposé dans une fosse commune du cimetière de Pantin est un trésor caché, une racine enfouie dans notre sol pour qu'un jour, selon la promesse du maître, vienne le temps de la fructification et jaillisse un arbre dont les frondaisons couvriront de leur ombre toute la ville de Paris.

Nul doute que la puissance de ce sacrifice ne se manifeste bientôt. C'est à nous qu'il appartient de devenir les héritiers de Thomas Breakwell, car il a rejoint "le concours céleste", "l'arche cramoisie des saints et des martyres", "la milice angélique" prête à porter assistance à tous ceux qui se lèveront pour enseigner la Cause.

Nul doute que là-haut il ait conservé le même amour pour Paris qui le caractérisait durant sa vie et qu'il soit prêt à nous porter secours et à nous transmettre les confirmations divines. Le temps de la fructification est venu. C'est à nous, ses successeurs, qu'il appartient après avoir médité sur le mystère de sa vie, de réaliser son rêve.

Nul doute enfin que celui qui comprendra son rang et qui récitera la tablette de visitation qu' 'Abdu'l-Baha révéla en son honneur ressentira le pouvoir de l'assistance dans l'enseignement de la Foi. Thomas Breakwell a su s'ouvrir aux grâces du Ciel et accéder au rang de premier croyant à recevoir la confirmation de l'Esprit saint. A nous maintenant de l'imiter en nous inspirant d'abord de l'exemple de sa vie.


Né à Londres en 1873, Thomas Breakwell avait quitté très tôt sa terre natale pour s'installer dans le sud des Etats-Unis. Il y exerçait une fonction de haute responsabilité dans une usine de filature de coton, qui lui procurait des revenus importants. Cette aisance financière lui permettait de rendre régulièrement visite à ses parents en Angleterre pendant l'été et de prendre quelques vacances sur le continent selon la coutume des gens distingués du nouveau monde.

Nous disposons de peu d'informations sur la famille Breakwell et sur la vie du jeune Thomas avant sa rencontre avec la Foi. Nous savons seulement qu'aucun membre de sa famille n'était baha'i et que leur origine religieuse était chrétienne.

Thomas Breakwell avait une ouverture très grande pour tout ce qui concernait la spiritualité. Il était très intéressé par les doctrines religieuses et les philosophies hermétiques en général, dont particulièrement celle présentée par la Société Théosophique, à laquelle il appartenait peut-être, car ce mouvement religieux fondé en 1875 aux Etats-Unis par la célèbre Helena P. Blavatski et le colonel Henry Steel Olcott, était très en vogue auprès des anglais et des indiens à son époque. L'intérêt accordé par cette société à l'occultisme et à l'ésotérisme selon des approches particulièrement orientales, ne pouvait que le prédisposer à se tourner vers l'univers mystique baha'i.

C'est cette sensibilité aux choses de l'âme qui l'amena un jour d'été 1901 alors qu'il prenait, comme à son habitude, le paquebot à destination de la France, à faire la connaissance d'une certaine Madame Milner. Celle-ci, bien que n'ayant aucun intérêt personnel pour la religion, se sentit poussée, devant la passion du jeune Breakwell pour ces sujets, à lui parler d'une de ses amies "très spéciale" qui vivait à Paris. Elle avait, disait-elle, trouvé une philosophie qui avait su donner un sens à sa vie. Cette jeune femme en question n'était autre que May Bolles, la future May Maxwell.

May Ellis Bolles avait fait partie du premier groupe de pèlerins d'occident à rendre visite à 'Abdu'l-Baha à 'Akka en 1898-1899. C'est à cette occasion que le Maître lui confia une responsabilité particulière pour l'enseignement de la Foi en Europe. Il lui conseilla de s'installer en France, pays dans lequel elle avait vécu quelques années et qu'elle aimait beaucoup. Sa maîtrise de la langue facilita sa tâche et par son ardeur au service de la Cause, elle établit en quelques mois avec l'aide d'amis baha'is américains, le premier centre baha'i d'Europe.

A l'époque de Thomas Breakwell, c'est-à-dire entre 1901 et 1902, la première communauté de baha'is parisiens comptait entre 25 et 30 personnes. La première personne à croire en Baha'u'llah fut une femme suisse, Edith de Bons. Peu après, quelques autres personnes acceptèrent la foi, dont un certain nombre d'américains parmi lesquels figurait le célèbre Charles Mason Remey; vinrent ensuite des français et des anglais. 

Tous se trouvaient sous la direction spirituelle de May Bolles.

Le rôle de May Bolles était si important qu''Abdu'l-Baha dit en parlant d'elle, qu'Il tenait "dans sa main une lampe capable de trouver à travers les contrées et les océans les âmes qui deviendront les hérauts de la Cause de Dieu". Les merveilleux services que rendait May Bolles n'étaient toutefois pas appréciés par sa mère qui vivait avec elle. Son désaccord grandit lorsque, demandant à 'Abdu'l-Baha si sa fille pouvait l'accompagner pendant les vacances d'été en Angleterre, elle se heurta à un refus catégorique. Les paroles du Maître étaient très fermes, "May ne devait s'absenter de Paris sous aucun prétexte". L'indignation de Madame Bolles fut telle que le célèbre enseignant Mirza-Abu'l-Fadl crut devoir en informer 'Abdu'l-Baha. Mais ce dernier resta imperturbable et ne fournit aucune explication à sa décision.

May; obéit à 'Abdu'l-Baha et laissa partir son frère et sa mère qui n'eut pas de scrupules à fermer à clef la maison. Elle s'installa alors dans l'appartement d'une amie baha'ie, Edith Jackson. May Bolles ignorait le motif de l'insistance d''Abdu'l-Baha. Elle ne soupçonnait pas, contrairement au Maître, que de doux effluves de l'Esprit Divin commençaient à se répandre sur Paris.

C'est donc un beau jour de l'été 1901 que May Bolles trouva devant sa porte notre Thomas Breakwell et Madame Milner qui l'avait invité à l'accompagner. Son attention fut immédiatement attirée par le jeune homme qu'elle décrivit ainsi : "il était de taille moyenne, svelte, droit et gracieux avec un regard intense et un charme indescriptible. C'est comme si j'avais vu une lumière voilée. Je me rendis compte immédiatement qu'il s'agissait d'un coeur pur, d'une âme assoiffée sur laquelle était jeté le voile qui recouvre toute âme jusqu'au moment où il est déchiré par le pouvoir de Dieu en ce jour". May Bolles ne fit aucune allusion à la Foi lors de leur première rencontre. Madame Milner n'avait elle-même rien dit à ce sujet, ayant fermé définitivement ses oreilles au message de Baha'u'llah.

Leur conversation tourna essentiellement autour de la théosophie, qui avait également fait son entrée en France sous l'instigation d'Annie Besant, par la création en 1893 d'une franc-maçonnerie féminine. May Bolles, tout en discutant, put s'apercevoir, selon ses propres paroles, que Thomas Breakwell était "une personne remarquable par son haut rang social, sa grande, culture, sa simplicité et son naturel. Il était très sincère dans son comportement à l'égard de la vie et des hommes. Elle se rendait compte aussi que Thomas Breakwell l'étudiait très attentivement. Au moment du départ, il lui demanda la permission de revenir la voir le lendemain, car il n'était de passage à Paris que pour quelques jours et il avait une grande envie de connaître les enseignements qu'elle avait trouvés et dont Madame Milner lui avait dit qu'ils avaient transformé sa vie.

Le jour suivant, May Bolles eut une curieuse, surprise. Thomas Breakwell frappa à sa porte dans un "état d'étrange exaltation, aucun voile matériel ne recouvrait son âme radieuse. Ses yeux brillaient d'une flamme imperceptible". Thomas Breakwell regarda May Bolles fixement et lui demanda si elle ne trouvait pas quelque chose de mystérieux dans son comportement. May lui répondit qu'effectivement il avait l'air très heureux. Aussitôt, n'en tenant plus, il raconta à son amie ce qui l'avait mis dans un tel état. 

Laissons-le évoquer lui-même son expérience :
"Lorsque j'étais ici hier, dit-il, j'ai ressenti un pouvoir et une influence que je n'avais jamais ressentis avant dans ma vie, sauf au cours d'une période de trois mois où j'étais resté continuellement en communion avec Dieu. Je me sentais à cette époque comme quelqu'un qui planait dans une rare atmosphère de lumière et de beauté. Mon coeur était enflammé d'amour pour mon Bien-Aimé. Je me sentais en paix et uni avec mes prochains. Hier, quand je vous ai quittée, j'ai descendu seul les Champs-Elysées ; l'air était chaud et lourd, pas une feuille ne remuait quand soudain, un vent me frappa et tourbillonna autour de moi. J'entendis une voix me dire avec une indescriptible douceur et profondeur : Le Christ est revenu ! Le Christ est revenu !"

Son histoire achevée, Thomas Breakwell, les yeux brillants demanda à May Bolles s'il n'était pas en train de devenir fou. Avec un sourire, elle lui répondit : "Vous commencez juste à devenir sain d'esprit". Et sans tarder, elle lui parla du Bab, de sa mission, de son martyre, des milliers de babis qui avaient sacrifié leur vie pour que la foi s'établisse. Elle lui parla de Baha'u'llah, de ses lois et de ses principes. 

Thomas Breakwell absorba pendant trois jours avec avidité les paroles de May. Son âme était véritablement assoiffée. Dès le premier jour il avait accepté le message sans restriction et prit tous les livres que May avait chez elle. Son enthousiasme grandit encore lorsqu'elle lui fit le récit de son pèlerinage à 'Akka où elle avait rencontré le Maître 'Abdu'l-Baha. L'expérience qu'avait vécue Madame Maxwell auprès de cet Etre saint impressionna tellement Thomas Breakwell que, l'âme soupirante, il décida sur-le-champ de rompre avec son ancienne vie et d'annuler tous ses plans de voyage. Désormais, il n'avait qu'un seul espoir dans sa vie, être admis auprès d''Abdu'l-Baha afin de pouvoir contempler le visage de son Bien-Aimé.

Au troisième jour il décida d'écrire à 'Abdu'l-Baha pour lui faire part de son acceptation de la Foi et solliciter la permission de se rendre en pèlerinage à 'Akka. On aurait pu croire qu'il allait écrire une lettre longue et pleine d'effusions mais elle se résuma à ces quelques mots : "Mon Seigneur, je crois, pardonne-moi, Ton serviteur. Thomas Breakwell". Selon May Bolles, la simplicité de cette requête était caractéristique de l'esprit concis et exalté de Thomas Breakwell. Elle n'en fut pas moins intriguée par cet appel au pardon dont elle ne comprit la pleine signification que plus tard.

A cette époque, un jeune baha'i nommé Herbert Hopper, fils spirituel de May Bolles, avait reçu la permission d'aller à 'Akka. Thomas Breakwell le contacta aussitôt et ils planifièrent de partir ensemble. Tout était prêt, il ne fallait plus qu'une chose, obtenir l'autorisation du Maître.

May Bolles envoya le jour même à 'Akka, le message de Thomas Breakwell et le sien propre dans lequel elle priait le Maître de faire parvenir sa réponse à Port-Saïd où les deux jeunes gens avaient projeté d'embarquer. Le soir du même jour, alors que May Bolles rentrait chez elle, elle trouva à sa grande surprise dans sa boite aux lettres un câblogramme bleu d''Abdu'l-Baha qui disait : "Vous pouvez quitter Paris quand vous le voulez !"

Laissons May Bolles tirer elle-même la conclusion de ces événements décidément bien surprenants :
"Ainsi, écrivait-elle, par une obéissance implicite et aveugle à toute opposition, la Volonté du Maître a été accomplie, et j'ai été une maille de cette chaîne reliée à Son puissant objectif. Avec quelle reconnaissance mon coeur s'émeut devant la divine compassion du Maître, devant l'émerveillement et la joie de ma mère, quand je lui ai tout raconté, et que les larmes aux yeux, elle me dit : "Tu as, en effet, un Maître extraordinaire !"

Ce premier épisode témoigne de l'amour et de la dévotion des amis baha'is envers 'Abdu'l-Baha dont l'influence s'étendait même sur ceux qui ne croyaient pas en lui. Les flux de sa sagesse et de sa prescience divine entouraient toutes choses et avant qu'elles ne soient conçues, le terrain était préparé. May Bolles, "le flambeau des hérauts de la Cause de Dieu", avait servi habilement comme instrument à la main de Dieu qui, inexorablement accomplissait ses décrets.

Ces séries de coïncidences, ce déploiement de forces célestes étaient les voies par lesquelles la Divinité exprimait sa Volonté et la réalisait en amenant jusqu'à elle une âme attendue, celle de Thomas Breakwell. Mais qui était-il ?

Au stade de notre réflexion, il est encore difficile de le dire. Thomas Breakwell, cela est certain, est une âme mûre par sa capacité à assimiler tous les enseignements de la Foi en un seul instant; une âme "choisie" par la manière dont il fut averti et non pas convaincu du retour de la Manifestation de Dieu. A croire qu'il n'attendait que cette information pour que toute la vie qu'il a menée jusqu'à présent prenne un sens, et que la conviction d'une mission à remplir lui devienne désormais consciente; une âme "choisie" aussi par l'envergure de ses capacités spirituelles et de son amour pour l'humanité alors qu'il n'est pas encore à la fleur de l'âge. Sa destinée, il ne la connaîtra pourtant qu'en présence de celui qu'il a toujours appelé son Seigneur, 'Abdu'l-Baha.
Thomas Breakwell et Herbert Hopper s'embarquèrent comme prévu pour 'Akka. Nous n'avons pas d'informations sur le déroulement de leur voyage, ni sur l'état dans lequel se trouvaient les deux jeunes hommes à leur arrivée. Nous savons seulement que May Bolles prit aussi la route vers la ville-prison d''Akka en compagnie de sa mère et de son frère. Plus tard elle raconta ses souvenirs dans un article sur Thomas Breakwell. C'est ainsi que nous savons comment notre jeune ami a vécu cette expérience inoubliable. May raconte :

"Lorsque Herbert Hopper et Thomas arrivèrent à la prison d''Akka, ils furent introduits dans une pièce spacieuse, dans laquelle.... se tenait un groupe d'hommes en costume oriental. Le visage de H. Hopper rayonnait de cette joie, qu'éprouve ceux qui ont reconnu instantanément leur Bien-Aimé, mais Breakwell, lui, ne discernait personne en particulier parmi les gens présents : Se sentant soudainement affaibli et malade, il s'assit près d'une table, l'âme torturée par le sentiment d'une défaite écrasante. Ainsi effondré sur sa chaise, il se lamentait amèrement : pourquoi suis-je venu ici ? Pourquoi ai-je abandonné mon projet de voyage pour venir dans cette prison retirée du monde, pour chercher je-ne-sais-quoi ?

May Bolles explique que Thomas Breakwell venait de vivre sa première grande épreuve destinée à défaire son âme des voiles qui la recouvraient encore. Son sentiment de désespoir continua de le torturer jusqu'à ce qu'une porte s'ouvrit devant lui et laissa apparaître la silhouette du Maître, en qui il reconnut tout de suite son Seigneur. A partir de cet instant, le visage de Thomas Breakwell changea définitivement d'expression pour ne plus refléter que la joie et la satisfaction. Il ne fut plus tenté de regarder en arrière. Seul le Maître était devenu la source de ses préoccupations.

Pendant l'entretien qu'il eut avec 'Abdu'l-Baha, il lui expliqua qu'il travaillait dans une usine de filature de coton dans le sud des Etats-Unis et que ses revenus et sa responsabilité étaient considérables. Pris soudainement de craintes et de doutes, que May Bolles décrivit comme une subite conviction de sa faute, il finit par ajouter : "Ces manufactures reposent sur le travail des enfants". 'Abdu'l-Baha le regarda alors avec gravité et tristesse, puis, après un moment de silence, il lui dit : "Télégraphie ta démission". May Bolles poursuit son récit en racontant que Thomas Breakwell, soulagé de son écrasant fardeau, obéit instantanément à 'Abdu'l-Baha et d'un geste coupa tous les ponts derrière lui, renonçant sur l'instant à tout ce qui avait fait sa vie, à son travail et à ses revenus.

Il n'avait plus qu'un seul désir, celui d'accomplir le bon plaisir de son Maître. Alors qu'à peine quelques instants plus tôt, il était fébrile et rempli de doutes, il était maintenant complètement transformé. Tous étaient témoins de la fermeté de sa foi, de son désir sincère de servir la Cause et de son obéissance inébranlable au Covenant. May Bolles écrivit à son sujet en des termes à la fois forts et bien pesés : "Ce sont ces jours passés dans la prison d''Akka, qui ont permis à Thomas Breakwell, grâce au changement mystique opéré dans son coeur et dans son âme, par l'influence de l'amour enflammé d''Abdu'l-Baha et par sa sagesse, de se libérer de tout attachement terrestre et de s'attacher au monde de la réalité, pour apporter ainsi de grands bienfaits à la Foi".

Bien que le séjour de Thomas Breakwell à 'Akka fut de courte durée, sa présence. radieuse fut remarquée par les pèlerins. Dr. Yunis Khan Afrukhtih, le secrétaire d''Abdu'l-Baha, relate à ce propos : "La ferveur et la foi de ce jeune homme étaient si élevées dans leur nature, que le son du nom de Breakwell résonnera durant des siècles et sera remémoré avec une profonde affection dans de nombreuses chroniques. Les versets des Ecrits qui témoignent des gloires du Royaume, étaient toujours sur ses lèvres. Son séjour à 'Akka était court, mais son amour était si intense et son zèle si ardent, qu'il touchait profondément le coeur de tous ceux qui l'entendaient. Lorsqu'il était en présence de notre incomparable Maître, il sombrait dans un état d'émerveillement..."

Thomas Breakwell n'eut pas le temps de rencontrer tous les amis baha'is à 'Akka. Sa visite ne pouvait durer plus de deux jours en raison des restrictions imposées par les autorités. Lorsque le moment de partir arriva finalement, 'Abdu'l-Baha lui demanda de s'établir définitivement à Paris. Il pria le Dr. Yunis Khan de l'accompagner à Haifa jusqu'à l'embarcadère. L'émotion était intense. Thomas Breakwell partait sans savoir qu'il ne lui serait plus jamais donné de revoir le Maître. Mais cela avait-il réellement une importance ? Son âme s'était tellement imprégnée de l'amour divin qui émanait d''Abdu'l-Baha, qu'une vie entière n'aurait pas été suffisante pour donner au monde ce qu'il portait en lui.

Dr. Yunis Khan, qui passa une ou deux heures en sa compagnie dans la maison d'un croyant avant le départ, en fut témoin. il écrit : "...nous étions dans une pièce orientée vers 'Akka. Il se tenait debout à cet endroit, faisant face à la prison,... dans un état de communion profonde. Alors que ses yeux s'humidifiaient de larmes, sa langue prononçait des paroles de supplication. Tous ceux qui se trouvaient avec lui, étaient profondément touchés".

Dans cet état d'extase, Thomas Breakwell demanda à Yunis Khan s'il pouvait correspondre avec lui. "Vos lettres, disait-il, en réponse aux miennes, m'apporteront les parfums de la resplendissante ville d''Akka". A ces mots, tous les pèlerins présents, émus, pleurèrent.

Désormais, la correspondance entre Yunis Khan et Thomas Breakwell allait être l'unique lien qui l'unirait à 'Abdu'l-Baha.


THOMAS BREAKWELL: UNE ETOILE DANS LE FIRMAMENT DE PARIS

De retour à Paris, Thomas Breakwell ne tarda pas à faire sentir à son entourage la merveilleuse influence que sa communion avec le Maître avait eue sur lui. Habitué jusque là à vivre aisément, il changea totalement son mode de vie. Il reprit ses études et s'installa dans un quartier bon marché, probablement déjà au 14 rue Léonie comme l'indique son acte de décès. On apprend dans le même document retrouvé vers 1979, qu'il exerçait la fonction de sténographe quand il est mort. Bien que. Thomas vivait loin du centre de la ville, il se rendait toujours à pied aux réunions baha'ies afin d'économiser l'argent du transport pour le donner comme contribution à l'enseignement à Paris. Il fut le premier baha'i d'Occident à s'acquitter du Huququ'llah, le Droit de Dieu. Jamais l'ombre d'une inquiétude pour son avenir ne lui traversait l'esprit. Il n'avait qu'un seul souci, servir passionnément l'humanité jusqu'à son dernier souffle.

Ainsi que l'écrivit May Bolles, "Thomas Breakwell était si abandonné aux puissantes forces créatrices latentes dans la révélation de Baha'u'llah, qu'il était spontanément amené jusqu'aux plus petites actions de sa vie, à manifester cet esprit d'amour et d'unité à tous".

Elle raconta à ce propos un souvenir illustrant sa bonté d'âme : "Je me souviens bien du jour où nous avions traversé en bus un pont au-dessus de la Seine, Thomas remarqua une vieille femme qui poussait laborieusement une charrette de pommes sur une pente; s'excusant par un sourire, il descendit du bus, rejoignit la vieille femme, et posa d'une façon les plus naturelles ses mains sur la charrette, qu'il monta jusqu'en haut du pont".

May Bolles explique de la manière suivante la courtoisie dont notre jeune ami faisait toujours preuve. Elle dit : "Le principe de l'unité de l'humanité qui est la pierre de fondation, sur laquelle repose toute la révélation baha'ie, avait imprégné son âme comme une essence, l'influençant dans toutes ses relations sociales, le dotant d'une perspicacité et d'une pénétration des besoins humains, d'une sympathie intense et d'un amour sincère, qui faisaient de lui un espoir et un refuge pour tous".

May Bolles raconte par ailleurs : "Bien que nous fussions... des amis dévoués, ayant tout en commun, lorsqu'il venait à la maison, il donnait toute son aimable attention à ma mère (qui n'avait pas reconnu la station d''Abdu'l-Baha), et sans me dire un mot, il prenait ma main et y glissait une petite note contenant des paroles de réconfort, généralement celles de Baha'u'llah". Admirative, elle en concluait : "Il savait apporter le bonheur, et il était vraiment la personnification des paroles du Maître : "L'étoile du bonheur est dans chaque coeur. Nous devons ôter les voiles afin de lui permettre de briller de façon radieuse".

Thomas Breakwell n'excellait pas seulement sur le plan de ses relations sociales, il était devenu une lumière directrice dans la communauté parisienne pour tout ce qui concernait l'enseignement. "Dans les réunions", remarque May Bolles, "il parlait avec une simplicité et une éloquence qui gagnaient les coeurs et revivifiaient les âmes; le secret de cette puissante influence résidait dans sa suprême reconnaissance de la Manifestation de Dieu, du Bab et de Baha'u'llah, et du sublime Centre du Covenant, 'Abdu'l-Baha". Toutes les potentialités que May Bolles avait soupçonnées chez ce jeune homme dès leur première rencontre se manifestaient maintenant concrètement dans toute leur splendeur.

Les effets résultants de cette croissance spirituelle étaient à ce point considérables que May Maxwell alla jusqu'à faire la remarque suivante dans son article sur Thomas Breakwell : "Son calme et sa force, sa ferveur intense, sa capacité immédiate à saisir ce qui doit être prodigué à l'humanité dans cet âge de la Révélation de Baha'u'llah, libérèrent parmi nous des forces, dont l'apparition marqua une nouvelle Epoque dans le développement de la Cause en France". Les dernières paroles de May Bolles sont lourdes de significations lorsque l'on songe à 1'âge qu'avait Thomas Breakwell à cette époque et surtout aux effets qu'il était capable de produire de son vivant et à ceux qu'ils pourraient produire étant mort. Car vraiment, Thomas Breakwell ne semblait pas être quelqu'un comme tout le monde. La maturité spirituelle dont il faisait preuve était celle d'un homme d'âge mûr et non celle d'un homme de sa condition. Les personnes qui l'entouraient, comme May Bolles, Charles Mason Remey, avaient autant de mérite que Thomas Breakwell et pourtant l'influence de ce jeune homme était autre.

Thomas Breakwell poursuivait sa correspondance avec le Dr. Yunis Khan qui partageait régulièrement les nouvelles avec 'Abdu'l-Baha. Il l'informait de sa situation et de son désir de se conformer à la Volonté du Maître. Dans une de ses lettres, Thomas Breakwell interrogeait le secrétaire d''Abdu'l-Baha pour savoir si le Maître lui permettrait de quitter Paris deux ou trois jours afin de se rendre en Angleterre au cas où l'un de ses parents serait malade ou décéderait. Puis, réfléchissant, il se dit qu'il n'était pas nécessaire d'importuner 'Abdu'l-Baha avec cette question, car il répondrait certainement ce que le Christ avait déjà répondu, à savoir qu'il faut "laisser les morts enterrer les morts". Dr. Yunis Khan lut le message à 'Abdu'l-Baha qui, souriant, lui dit de lui répondre qu'aujourd'hui, "les vivants doivent enterrer les morts".

Quelques temps après, une autre lettre parvint à 'Akka, mystérieuse celle-ci, car Thomas Breakwell disait avoir compris ce qu'il devait faire mais souhaitait en plus de la satisfaction qu'il pourrait apporter au Maître, souffrir davantage pour son Bien-Aimé. On ignorait encore de quelle souffrance il parlait. L'affaire semblait se compliquer quand on apprit que les parents de Thomas Breakwell insistaient pour qu'il rentre très vite à Londres. Mais Thomas Breakwell avait refusé en raison de l'exhortation d''Abdu'l-Baha. Il lui demanda de prier pour ses parents afin que ceux-ci deviennent baha'is. Ce. à quoi le Maître répondit aussitôt qu'il n'avait pas à s'inquiéter sur ce point.

Effectivement, quinze jours plus tard, Thomas Breakwell informa 'Abdu'l-Baha que son père venu avec sa mère en visite à Paris, avait embrassé la foi. 'Abdu'l-Baha révéla pour cette occasion une tablette en l'honneur d'Edward Breakwell. Thomas Breakwell, heureux, écrivit à ce moment au Maître que s'il avait été iranien, il aurait choisi d'être martyr. 

On apprit par la suite, sans aucun avertissement préalable, qu'il était à l'hôpital dans la section des tuberculeux. Atteint depuis un certain temps déjà par cette maladie infectieuse (la bacille responsable venant seulement d'être découverte par Koch en 1882), Thomas vivait les dernières heures de son agonie. Les nouvelles du jeune homme arrivaient toujours à 'Akka, mais au lieu d'être déprimantes comme on l'aurait attendu, elles traduisaient une joie toujours plus grande malgré sa souffrance. 

Il écrivait à Yunis Khan : "J'espère que Dieu ne va pas m'épargner cette souffrance". 'Abdu'l-Baha, à qui Yunis Khan lisait ses lettres, restait toujours silencieux sur ce point, il se contentait de demander à son secrétaire de transmettre ses salutations, comme si l'intensité de la communion spirituelle que Lui et son disciple partageaient ensemble n'exigeait pas plus que ces quelques mots. Chose curieuse, alors qu'il aurait pu demander la guérison, Thomas Breakwell priait toujours pour demander plus de souffrance. Sa joie semblait croître à mesure que sa maladie le rongeait.

Hyppolite Dreyfus qui visita Thomas Breakwell à l'hôpital, racontait que ce dernier invitait les malades et qu'avec enthousiasme, il leur parlait de la foi. Certains de ses auditeurs étaient consternés par son message, d'autres le critiquaient. Mais Thomas Breakwell, imperturbable conservait sa tranquillité d'âme et disait aux malades qu'il n'allait pas mourir, mais qu'i1 partait seulement pour le Royaume de Dieu et que là-haut, il ne manquerait pas de prier pour eux. Vint enfin la dernière lettre de Thomas Breakwell où, toujours infiniment heureux, il écrivait qu'il espérait boire le calice des calamités grâce auquel il pourrait enfin s'approcher de son Bien-Aimé.

Concernant sa douleur, il écrivait : "La souffrance est comme un vin qui monte à la tête; je suis préparé à recevoir cette bonté qui est la plus grande de toutes; les tourments infligés à ma chair m'ont rendu capable de m'approcher davantage de mon Seigneur. Malgré ma douleur, je voudrais que la vie fusse plus longue, pour que je puisse goûter à plus de souffrances encore. Ce que je désire est le Bon Plaisir de mon Seigneur; mentionnez-moi en sa présence". Loin de comprendre l'aspiration de Thomas Breakwell à la souffrance comme une peur d'oublier Dieu ainsi que l'écrit le Dr. Yazdani dans sa thèse "Les deux ailes d'un oiseau ou Introduction à la Conception Baha'ie de la Santé", il faut y voir à notre sens, même si l'explication de celle-ci reste énigmatique, l'exemple le plus frappant qui soit donné de ce que peut être l'amour d'un homme pour son Seigneur !

Thomas Breakwell rendit son dernier soupir le 13 juin 1902, à sept heures du soir, au 200 rue Faubourg Saint Denis comme le précise son acte de décès enregistré le 14 juin 1902. Il avait vingt-neuf ans et n'avait été baha'i qu'une année même s'il disposait maintenant de l'éternité pour vivre et proclamer sa foi. 

Avant que la nouvelle ne parvienne à 'Akka, 'Abdu'l-Baha, qui se promenait sur la plage en compagnie du Dr. Yunis Khan, lui dit: "Tu sais Khan, Thomas Breakwell est décédé. J'étais très triste et j'ai révélé une touchante Tablette de Visitation pour lui; elle était tellement touchante que moi-même j'ai pleuré deux fois en l'écrivant". Le Maître demanda aussitôt à son secrétaire de bien la traduire, afin que "quiconque la lise s'en émeuve". 

Dr. Yunis Khan effectua la version française puis la version anglaise avec l'aide de Lua Getsinger. Il écrivit, plus tard dans ses mémoires, qu'il ignorait jusqu'à ce jour qui avait donné cette information à 'Abdu'l-Baha, puisque lui seul était chargé du courrier. La mort de Thomas Breakwell ne put effacer son souvenir de la mémoire d''Abdu'l-Baha. Dr. Yunis Khan raconta au sujet du chagrin du Maître l'histoire suivante : Une année s'écoula avant que le Maître n'entende des nouvelles de ses parents. 

Un jour, alors que le Maître examinait certaines enveloppes qu'Il avait reçues de différents endroits, "I1 en retira soudainement une et me dit : comme les parfums émanant de cette enveloppe sont agréables. Fais vite, ouvres-la et vois d'où elle peut venir". L'enveloppe contenait une lettre et une, magnifique carte postale en couleur, à laquelle était attachée une violette. Sur la carte, quelques mots écrits en encre dorée disaient : " il n'est pas mort. Il vit dans le Royaume de Dieu", avec une inscription au bas : "Cette fleur a été cueillie sur la tombe de Thomas Breakwell". La lettre, quant à elle, disait : "Loué soit le Seigneur, car mon fils a quitté ce monde pour l'autre avec la reconnaissance et l'amour d''Abdu'l-Baha". Aussitôt après que le Dr. Yunis Khan ait traduit le message au Maître, celui-ci, "se leva de Son Siège, prit la carte, le mit sur Son front béni, et laissa couler des larmes sur ses joues".

Dans une lettre d''Abdu'l-Baha adressée à Mason Remey, Il écrivit concernant le décès de Thomas Breakwell : "Ne sois pas affligé par l'ascension de mon bien-aimé Breakwell, car il s'est élevé vers une roseraie de splendeurs dans le paradis d''Abha, protégé par la miséricorde de son puissant Seigneur, et il s'écrit, de toute la force de sa voix : "O si mon peuple pouvait savoir avec quelle miséricorde mon Seigneur m'a pardonné, et comment il a fait de moi l'un de ceux qui sont parvenus en Sa présence !".


4. TABLETTE D'ABDU'L-BAHA A BREAKWELL

Voici ce qui coula de la plume du Maître en l'honneur de Thomas Breakwell :

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Où est désormais ton beau visage? Où est ta langue éloquente? Où est ton front clair ? Où est ton apparence lumineuse ?

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Où est ton feu flamboyant de l'amour de Dieu ? Où est ton ravissement sous son souffle divin ? Où sont les louanges que tu élevais vers Lui ? Où est ta fougue pour servir sa Cause ?

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Où sont tes yeux magnifiques ? Tes lèvres souriantes ? Tes joues princières ? Ta silhouette gracieuse ?

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Tu as quitté ce monde terrestre pour atteindre le Royaume, tu es parvenu à la grâce du monde invisible, et tu t'es offert au seuil de son Seigneur.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Tu as laissé ici-bas la lampe qui était ton corps, le verre qui était ta forme humaine, tes éléments terrestres, ton mode de vie en ce monde.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Tu as allumé une flamme dans la lampe de la compagnie céleste, tu as posé le pied dans le paradis d''Abha, tu as trouvé un abri à l'ombre de l'arbre sacré, tu as atteint la réunion avec Lui, au refuge des cieux.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Tu es désormais un oiseau du ciel, tu as quitté ton nid terrestre et tu t'es envolé vers un jardin de sainteté dans le royaume de ton Seigneur. Tu as atteint un rang plein de lumière.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Ton chant est désormais comparable à celui d'un oiseau, tu répands des versets de louanges sur la pitié de ton Seigneur; de Celui qui toujours pardonne, tu fus un serviteur reconnaissant; c'est pourquoi tu as pénétré dans une joie sans borne.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Ton Seigneur t'a véritablement élu pour t'accorder son amour, il t'a conduit dans sa résidence de sainteté, et Il t'a fait pénétrer au jardin de ceux qui sont ses proches compagnons, et il t'a béni en te laissant contempler sa beauté.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Tu as gagné la vie éternelle, la générosité qui ne fait jamais défaut, une vie qui te plaise, et la grâce en abondance.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Tu es devenu une étoile dans le ciel suprême et une lampe parmi les anges des cieux; un esprit vivant dans le royaume le plus haut, ayant pour trône l'éternité.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
Je demande à Dieu de t'amener toujours plus près, de te tenir toujours plus fort; de réjouir ton coeur de la proximité de sa présence, de t'emplir de lumière et de plus de lumière encore, de t'accorder encore plus de beauté, et de te donner la puissance et une gloire extrême.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé !
A tout instant tu es présent à mon esprit Je ne t'oublierai jamais. Je prie pour toi le jour, la nuit; je, te vois vraiment devant moi, comme en plein jour.

O Breakwell, ô mon aimé!


. LE RANG SPIRITUEL DE BREAKWELL

La lecture de cette sublime tablette ne suscite pas seulement l'émotion du lecteur, comme le disait 'Abdu'l-Baha, elle provoque également la consternation et l'interrogation. On ne peut s'empêcher en effet de se demander qui était Thomas Breakwell pour avoir atteint une station spirituelle aussi exaltée, pour être devenu une "étoile dans le ciel suprême et une lampe parmi les anges des cieux", "un oiseau ...qui répand les versets de louanges sur la pitié de son Seigneur", un être que Dieu a "conduit dans sa résidence de sainteté" et qu'il a laissé "contempler sa beauté ?" 

Les termes employés par 'Abdu'l-Baha sont forts. Et pourtant Thomas Breakwell n'a été baha'i que très peu de temps. On est d'autant plus surpris, de savoir que Shoghi Effendi, a écrit concernant le décès de George Townshend, que celui-ci avait atteint un rang jamais égalé encore par aucun Baha'i d'occident, ce qui lui faisait mériter d'être situé à la même hauteur que Thomas Breakwell. Or, nous savons, que le premier a mené une longue vie de service et a publié un grand nombre d'écrits qui ont eu une influence considérable sur le progrès de la Foi.

La vie et la mort de Thomas Breakwell apparaissent donc bien mystérieuses. Quand on songe à ce personnage, une foule de questions se précipite à notre esprit. Pourquoi aspirait-il tant à la mort ? Pourquoi voulait-il souffrir toujours davantage ? Comment savait-il qu'il satisferait Dieu en buvant le calice de calamités alors que de toute façon il ne pouvait y échapper ? Toutes ses, qualités n'auraient-elles pas été plus profitables à l'humanité lui vivant que trépassé ? Comment expliquer tout, ce déploiement de forces mystérieuses qui l'ont mené à sa rencontre avec la foi pour ne vivre finalement que très peu de temps ? Quel a été le sens caché de sa vie ?

Nous avons réfléchi longtemps et, bien que pour nous la compréhension du mystère qui entoure la vie de Thomas Breakwell ne sera toujours que superficielle, nous pensons néanmoins qu''Abdu'l-Baha nous a permis de soulever un peu le voile par le rapprochement de deux de ses textes, l'un étant un extrait de la Tablette révélée l'honneur de notre personnage, extrait révélateur quoique discret, l'autre étant une citation tirée de la dernière causerie d''Abdu'l-Baha faite lors de sa visite à Paris. Il écrit :

"Ton Seigneur t'a véritablement élu pour t'accorder son amour, Il t'a conduit dans sa résidence de sainteté et Il t'a fait pénétrer au jardin de ceux qui sont ses proches compagnons, et Il t'a béni en te laissant contempler sa beauté".

Durant sa dernière causerie, le 1er décembre 1911, soit neuf ans après la mort de Thomas Breakwell, il dit : Quand j'arrivai pour la première fois à Paris il y a quelques temps, je regardai autour de moi avec beaucoup d'intérêt, et en mon esprit, je comparai cette superbe ville à un grand jardin. J'en examinai le terrain avec un soin bienveillant et beaucoup d'attention. Je le jugeai très bon et dans des conditions favorables pour y établir de fermes croyances et une foi inébranlable, car une semence de l'amour de Dieu avait été jetée dans ce terrain".

Comment ne pas succomber à cette conclusion frappante qui nous vient à l'esprit en lisant ces deux passages, à savoir que Thomas Breakwell fut une âme élue pour être la semence de l'amour de Dieu, qui servira de fertilisant à l'enseignement à Paris !! Plantée par la main du Maître lui-même, elle est amenée à croître, à se fortifier et à produire de nouveaux germes, dont la maturation marquera une étape décisive dans l'histoire de la Foi au sein de la capitale. Telle était sa destinée ! Voilà peut-être pourquoi Thomas Breakwell était si enflammé et si pressé de donner sa vie, de boire la coupe des calamités, car il savait qu'il servirait mieux la Cause ainsi, puisque Dieu l'avait doté d'un pouvoir latent considérable.

Le sacrifice de Thomas Breakwell rappelle celui de Mirzi Mihdi, le jeune fils de Baha'u'llah dont la mort dégagea une telle force qu'elle permit l'ouverture des portes de la prison qui cachait la Manifestation de Dieu aux yeux des pèlerins.

Quelle sera donc la force dégagée par la mort de Thomas Breakwell ? Si May Bolles, déjà à son époque, pensait qu'il avait libéré dans la communauté parisienne des forces dont l'apparition marque le début d'une nouvelle Epoque dans la Cause, si elle affirme que l'esprit de Thomas Breakwell continue non seulement de "vivre dans la mémoire des baha'is, mais qu'en plus il fait partie intégrante de la structure de l'Ordre Mondial", et que selon elle, il a été "le premier croyant à recevoir la confirmation de Dieu et le feu de son Amour", que devons-nous dire aujourd'hui ? Le nom de Thomas Breakwell ne doit être, ni plus ni moins, que l'étendard par lequel nous transformerons Paris en "un jardin de roses".


BIBLIOGRAPHIE

H.M. BALYUZI, 'Abdu'l-Baha Londres, 1971.

Sh. EFFENDI, Dieu passe près de nous, traduit en France en 1970.

M. MAXWELL, An early pilgrimage, Oxford, 1953, (première publication en 1917).

R. WHITE, A sudden music, Oxford, 1983.

O.z. WHITEHEAD, Some early Baha'is of the West, Londres, 1976.

F. YAZDANI, Les deux ailes d'un oiseau ou : une Introduction à la conception Baha'ie de la Santé. Thèse, Lyon, 1976. 

ABDU'L-BAHA, Sélections des Ecrits d''Abdu'l-Baha
Département des Recherches de la Maison Universelle de Justice Bruxelles, 1983.

ABDU'L-BAHA, les Causeries d''Abdu'l-Baha à Paris, Bruxelles, 1987.

Dr.Yunis Khan AFRUKHTIH, Khatirat-i naw salih, extraits de ses mémoires traduits du persan en français par M.Atta et Caroline Dispagne, et publié dans le journal Jeunesse n° 48, Février 1992.

A.Q. FAIZI, "A precious gift", Baha'i Journal, Londres; 
A.S.N des Baha'is des Iles Britanniques, 1969.

Star, vol. 5, n° 19, p.298.

Start, vol. 4, n°15, p.256. 

Baha'i World, vol. VII, p.707.

Baha'i World, vol. VII, p.709-710-711.

Baha'i World, vol. XIII, p. 845.

The Universal House of Justice

Bahá’í World Centre

Department of the Secretariat

6 April 1995

Transmitted by fax: 33-1-45000579

The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of France

Dear Bahá’í Friends,

A Memorial to Thomas Breakwell

     The Universal House of Justice is most pleased that the way now appears open for the acquisition of the precise plot (2 metres by 1 metre) in Paris Central Cemetery where Thomas Breakwell was buried in 1902 and from which his remains were moved in 1907 because of the temporary nature of the arrangements made at the time of the funeral.


The House of Justice understands that the cost of acquiring the site in perpetuity is Fr16,646 (French francs), or slightly in excess of US$3,300, and that your Assembly or a believer acting on your behalf will be permitted to erect over the gravesite a memorial that is acceptable to the cemetery authorities. The House of Justice asks that your Assembly proceed immediately to acquire the site. Because of the nature of situation, your Assembly is free to call on the International Fund for assistance if the necessary funds are not available to you.

With regard to the contest for a monument design which was organized by a special committee appointed by your National Assembly, and the various designs which were submitted, the House of Justice prefers to proceed with a more traditional and simple design than those which have been proposed. It will take the form of a suitably inscribed slab of a kind with which some of your other prominent believers, both here at the Bahá’í World Centre and elsewhere. An appropriate excerpt from the Master’s tablet in honour of Mr. Breakwell should be included in the inscription. You are asked to kindly make arrangements for a suitable design and present your proposal to the House of Justice for approval, together with a cost estimate. Once the design is approved, you should present it to the cemetery authorities for their endorsement. Should the subject of the monument arise during your consultations with the Director of the cemetery about the purchase of the plot, you should feel free to make reference to the modest nature of the memorial being considered, as this will no doubt reassure the board.

It is very important for your Assembly to be vigilant in keeping track of any plans that the cemetery authorities may adopt for opening up the mass ossuaries and the transfer of the skeletal remains elsewhere. It is possible that the remains of Mr. Breakwell were placed in a separate canvas sack and labelled before being deposited in one of the ossuaries, since this was still the practice at the time his remains were removed from the original grave. If this is the case, then there is still hope for the eventual recovery of his remains and their reinterment in the plot where they were originally buried. The eight designs which you kindly submitted to the House of Justice will be returned to you separately.

With loving Bahá’í greetings,

David Bulman

For Department of the Secretariat

My heart was on fire with love for the supreme Beloved.

When I was here yesterday,’ he said, ‘I felt a power, an influence that I had felt once before in my life, when for a period of three months I was continually in communion with God. I felt during that time like one moving in a rarefied atmosphere of light and beauty. My heart was on fire with love for the supreme Beloved. I felt at peace, at one with all my fellow-men. Yesterday when I left you I went alone down the Champs Elysees, the air was warm and heavy, not a leaf was stirring, when suddenly a wind struck me and whirled around me, and in that wind a voice said, with an indescribable sweetness and penetration, ‘Christ has come again! Christ has come again!’

The dramatic birth of a new world religion and its rapid spread to every corner of the earth is a phenomenon sometimes best understood through the lives of its early followers. The story of the Bahá’í Faith, and how the revolutionary teachings of the majestic figure of Bahá’u’lláh first reached the West, is still unknown to many. It is a story of inspiration, of the faith, vision and sacrifice of apparently ordinary people, who, when faced with the challenge of spreading a new gospel, proved themselves to be saintly and holy souls. Some paid with their lives at the hands of cruel and scheming oppressors, others gave up their substance, their homes, careers and social standing, and many dedicated themselves to lives of humble service in every part of the globe, laying down their bones as pioneers of a new and noble cause.

These first followers understood that they were witnesses to the dawn of a new age of enlightenment. They left a spiritual heritage from which all of us may draw strength and insight. Only as history unfolds will we truly begin to understand the significance of their lives and the power of the faith they espoused. United by a glorious vision of the coming of age of the human race, of the fulfilment of prophecy of all the great faiths, and the realization of the oneness of God, they each lit a torch which illuminates the path to lasting unity, and to the establishment of a just and peaceful world.

One such soul was Thomas Breakwell. His brief life may appear to have left no tangible legacy, but, as we shall learn through these pages, he was endowed with a truly remarkable station. Having become a Bahá’í in the summer of 1901, Thomas Breakwell passed away barely a year later, aged only 30. His life is surrounded by an aura of mystery. Described by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá as ‘a lamp amid the angels of high Heaven'[1] and by Shoghi Effendi as one of ‘three luminaries'[2]shedding brilliant lustre on the annals of the Irish, English and Scottish Bahá’í communities, Thomas Breakwell’s life certainly invites deep contemplation. Set afire with the love of God, his deep devotion exemplifies that profound mystical relationship which unites the lover with his Beloved.

To those followers of Bahá’u’lláh who live in the West, the life of Thomas Breakwell offers an example of a true believer, an expression of loving obedience to the Will of God. Breakwell desired that his humble life would be accepted as a sacrifice for the spread of the divine teachings of love and universal brotherhood. His dedication challenges us all to burn away the veils of materialism and self which are the cause of so much human suffering, and to arise for the promotion of the well-being of humanity.

Thomas Breakwell died in relative obscurity, a victim of tuberculosis in a poor quarter of the city of Paris. His earthly remains now lie in the communal charnel house at the cemetery of Pantin. It was not until the summer of 1997 that a dignified but suitably modest monument to mark his resting place was finally unveiled to the world.

Throughout the United Kingdom, the significance of Thomas Breakwell’s life is being commemorated in an increasing number of ways. In the 1980s a nation-wide system of Bahá’í Sunday Schools was instituted and named in his honour. This was followed by the establishment of the Thomas Breakwell College, a distance learning programme intended to provide moral and spiritual education to a new generation of young people who are striving, as Thomas Breakwell did, to see the whole world as one country and all people as its citizens. All over the world an expanding number of institutes, programmes and activities seek, in a variety of ways, to honour his life and foster his remembrance.

Thomas Breakwell’s name will never be forgotten. His true gift to us lies in the sacred vision that he realized in his brief life. The brightness and purity of his faith will continue to illuminate the hopes of many future generations.

We are much indebted to Rajwantee Lakshman-Lepain for preparing this valuable introduction to the life, rank and station of Thomas Breakwell. This has been ably translated from the original French by Olive McKinley. Our thanks also to Hugh McKinley and Sally Spears for their practical support in promoting its publication. Our hope is that this volume will serve to widen interest in and encourage study of this fascinating episode in the development of a world-embracing faith, which is today the source of inspiration for millions.

His father, Edward, was an ironmonger and a herbalist who, at some point during the 1860s, had joined the nonconformist Christian sect known as the primitive Methodists and subsequently held evangelical meetings in the family home. Thomas, the youngest of five children, was educated at an ordinary state school before his family emigrated to the United States.[3]

There Thomas was able to take up a responsible position in a cotton mill in one of the southern states, from which he derived a considerable income. His comfortable financial position enabled him to pay regular visits to his relatives in England each summer, and to take long holidays on the Continent.

Thomas seems to have been of an open mind when it came to spiritual matters. He was very interested in religious doctrines and the Hermetic philosophies in general, and in particular that of the Theosophical Society, to which he may have belonged. This movement, founded in 1875 in the United States by Mme. Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott, was much in vogue among British and Indian seekers at the time. The interest this Society showed in the occult and the esoteric, with their particularly oriental approaches, may well have predisposed Thomas Breakwell to turn towards the mystical universe which lies at the heart of the Bahá’í religion.

His sensitivity towards things of the spirit led him, while taking the steamer to France in the summer of 1901, to make the acquaintance of a certain Mrs Milner. The latter, although having no personal interest in religion, felt impelled, seeing Breakwell’s passion for spiritual subjects, to speak to him of one of her friends in Paris, who had, she said, found a philosophy which had given meaning to her life. The young woman in question was none other than May Bolles, the future May Maxwell.

May Ellis Bolles had been among the first party of Western pilgrims to visit ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in ‘Akka, in 1898-9.[4] By that time she had been living in Paris for a number of years, during which time she had attended a convent school there, and where her brother, Randolph, had taken up a course of architectural studies at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. Her mother had rented an apartment on the fashionable Quai d’Orsay; May and Randolph also lived there with her. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá recommended that May remain in that city, and entrusted her with the special responsibility of establishing the first Bahá’í centre in Europe there.

‘Abdu’l-Bahá once said of Himself, ‘I have a Lamp in my hand and seas to find souls who can become heralds of the Cause.'[5] Surely May Bolles was one of those very souls whom ‘Abdu’l-Bahá sought — and found.

One of those who accepted the Bahá’í Faith in Paris during this time wrote, ‘In 1901 and 1902 the Paris group of Bahá’ís numbered between twenty-five and thirty people with May Boles as spiritual guide and teacher.[6]

The Master had told May that she should ‘on no account absent [herself] from Paris.’ So she had remained there through the summer of 1901, despite her mother’s wish that she should accompany her on holiday to Brittany. Mrs. Bolles rather resented her daughter’s work for the Bahá’í Cause, and had no hesitation in closing her apartment when she left the city, so May had to find accommodation with another believer, Edith Jackson. It was to this apartment that Mrs Milner brought Breakwell.[7]

On a pleasant day that summer, May Bolles opened the door to Thomas Breakwell and Mrs Milner. As she entered, Mrs Milner said, smiling, ‘He was a stranger and she took him in.’ May’s attention was immediately drawn to this young man, ‘of medium height, slender, erect and graceful, with intense eyes and an indescribably charm.'[8]

May made no actual mention of the divine Revelation during their first meeting. Nor did Mrs Milner, she having, in May’s words, ‘closed her ears to its message.’ The conversation mainly centred on Theosophy, the details of Thomas’s work, and his projected trip through Europe. As it continued, May could discern that Thomas was ‘a very rare person of high standing and culture, simple, natural, intensely real in his attitude toward life and his fellowmen.’ She also became aware that Thomas was studying her most attentively.

As he was leaving, Thomas asked if he might call on her again the following day.

When he returned the next day, May was surprised. Thomas came to her ‘in a strangely exalted mood, no veil of materiality covered this radiant soul — his eyes burned with a hidden fire’. He looked at her earnestly, and asked if she saw anything strange in him. May replied that he looked very happy. At once, unable to contain himself any longer, he told his new found friend what had caused this state of mind. May recalls Thomas’s words as follows:

‘When I was here yesterday,’ he said, ‘I felt a power, an influence that I had felt once before in my life, when for a period of three months I was continually in communion with God. I felt during that time like one moving in a rarefied atmosphere of light and beauty. My heart was on fire with love for the supreme Beloved. I felt at peace, at one with all my fellow-men. Yesterday when I left you I went alone down the Champs Elysees, the air was warm and heavy, not a leaf was stirring, when suddenly a wind struck me and whirled around me, and in that wind a voice said, with an indescribable sweetness and penetration, ‘Christ has come again! Christ has come again!’

Afterwards Thomas looked at May with wide, startled eyes, and asked her if she thought he was going insane. With a smile, she replied: ‘No, you are just becoming sane.’ She then spoke to him of the Bab, His exalted Mission, His martyrdom, and the thousands of Babis who sacrificed their lives to establish the Faith; she then told him of the coming of Bahá’u’lláh, the Blessed Beauty, ‘Who shone upon the world as the Sun of eternity’, and of His laws and teachings.

For three days, Thomas absorbed May’s words. For the first, he accepted the Message without reservation, and eagerly received all the books which May had to give him. His enthusiasm grew even greater when she recounted her pilgrimage to ‘Akka, where she had met the Master, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. The experiences which May had in the presence of this holy Being so much impressed Breakwell that, sighing deeply, he decided there and then to break with his old life and cancel all his travel plans. From that moment on he had only one desire: to be received by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to contemplate the face of his Beloved.

On the third day, he decided to write to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to inform Him of his acceptance of the Bahá’í Faith, and to seek His permission to make pilgrimage to ‘Akka. It was a letter of only two lines:

‘My Lord, I believe, forgive me,Thy servant Thomas Breakwell.’

According to May’s account, the simplicity of this request was typical of Thomas’s concise and exalted mind. She was intrigued by his appeal for forgiveness, the significance of which, she said, only became apparent later.

Around that time, another young believer newly welcomed into the fold, Herbert Hopper, had obtained permission to go to ‘Akka. Thomas promptly got in touch with him, and they planned to go together. All was set, and the only thing remaining was to secure the Master’s authorization for Thomas’s visit.

That day, May forwarded Thomas’s message to ‘Akka, along with one of her own, asking the Master to send His reply to Port Said, where the two young men planned to disembark. That very evening, when May returned to her apartment, to her great surprise she found in her letter box a blue cablegram from ‘Abdu’l-Bahá which said: ‘You may leave Paris at any time!’

May drew her own conclusion from these most surprising events:

‘Thus by implicit and unquestioning obedience in the face of all opposition the Master’s Will had been fulfilled, and I had been the link in the chain of His mighty purpose.’ …’How gratefully my heart dwells on the divine compassion of the Master, on the joy and wonder of my mother as I told her everything, and when she burst into tears and exclaimed, ‘You have, indeed, a wonderful Master.’

Through this series of coincidences, this deployment of celestial forces, the Divine Being expressed His Will, and made it reality by bringing to May the soul for whom she had waited.

Marion Holley described ‘the confirmation of that brightest of spirits, Thomas Breakwell’ as ‘Perhaps the most wondrous event of that fecund time’.[9] Thomas, it is certain, was a mature soul, because of his capacity to assimilate all the teachings of the Faith in a single moment. We might well think of him as a ‘chosen’ soul, because of the special manner of his conversion. Rather than being rationally convinced, by argument and proof, of the reality of the Manifestation of God, his spiritual confirmation was instantaneous and complete. Having accepted this great truth, he saw his life up to that point in a completely different perspective, and understood the nature of his future mission. A ‘chosen’ soul, too, in terms of his tremendous spiritual capacities and love for humanity, evident at such a young age. Nevertheless, he was not to know the full extent of his destiny till he attained the presence of Him whom he humbly referred to as his Lord: ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.

Thomas Breakwell enjoys the unique distinction of being the first Englishman to make the journey to the Holy Land as a Bahá’í pilgrim.

May Maxwell describes that first visit of the two young western gentlemen to the city of ‘Akka, and their arrival at the house of ‘Abdu’llah Pasha,

‘…they were ushered into a spacious room, at one end of which stood a group of men in oriental garb. Herbert Hopper’s face became irradiated with the joy of instant recognition, but Breakwell discerned no one in particular among these men. Feeling suddenly ill and weak, he seated himself near a table, with a sense of crushing defeat. Wild and desperate thoughts rushed through his mind, his first great test, for without such tests the soul will never be unveiled.’Sitting thus he bitterly lamented: Why had he come here? Why had he abandoned his projected journey and come to this remote prison, seeking — he knew not what?'[10]

May emphasizes this moment as one in which Thomas’s soul was poised to rend asunder whatever veils still obscured the Sun of Reality. His despair tortured him, until, suddenly, a door opened and revealed the figure of the Master. Immediately, Thomas recognized his Lord.

In his interview with ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Thomas explained how he enjoyed substantial remuneration from his work in the United States, but he also expressed a sudden conviction of sin when he added that these mills were run on child labour. The Master looked at him, gravely and silently, then said, ‘Cable your resignation.’

May’s account tells how Thomas obeyed ‘Abdu’l-Bahá at once. With one stroke he had cut all ties to his former life, and was relieved of his crushing burden. He now had only one desire, to please the Master. Although only moments earlier he had felt weak and full of doubt, he was now completely transformed.

Although his stay in ‘Akka was short, Thomas made a lasting impression. Dr. Yunis Khan Afrukhtih, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s secretary, relates the following: ‘The fervour and the faith of this young man were so sublime in character that the blessed name of Breakwell shall ring throughout the centuries, and shall be remembered with deep affection in many chronicles. Verses from the Gospels which attest to the glories of the Kingdom were always on his lips. His sojourn in ‘Akka was too short, but so intense was his love and so ardent his zeal that he touched the depths of the hearts of those who heard him. Whenever he was in the presence of our peerless Master, he was rapt in wonderment.[11]

Thomas did not have time to meet all the Bahá’í friends in ‘Akka. Because of regulations imposed by the authorities, his visit was restricted to two days only. When the moment of departure finally arrived, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá asked him to settle permanently in Paris.

The Master then asked Yunis Khan to accompany Thomas to Haifa, from where his ship was to sail. The emotion of the occasion was intense. Breakwell left the Holy Land without knowing that he would never again see his beloved Master, but his soul had been so deeply touched by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s divine love it would have lasted the longest lifetime.

Yunis Khan spent a few hours in Thomas’s company at the home of one of the believers. He testifies to the young pilgrim’s devotion:

‘…we were in a room that looked towards ‘Akka. There he would stand, every now and then, perfectly still, facing ‘Akka in a state of communion. Whilst his eyes welled with tears, his tongue uttered words of supplication. All those who were there were greatly moved.'[12]

In this ecstatic state, Thomas asked Yunis Khan if he could correspond with him. Thomas expressed the desire that his letters would bring to him ‘the fragrances of the effulgent city of ‘Akka.[13]

From then on, the correspondence with Yunis Khan would be the vital link that united the young Englishman with his beloved Master.

All those who were present wept as the time came to bid farewell to this devoted young pilgrim who had made such a lasting impression. Thomas followed his Master’s bidding and returned to Paris.

A Star in the Firmament of Paris

Back in Paris, Thomas lost no time in sharing with others the wonderful spirit which the Master had released within him.

The firmness of his faith was apparent to all, as was his sincere wish to serve the Cause, and obey the Covenant. May writes of him in the following terms:

‘Those days in the Prison of ‘Akka, when the Master’s all consuming love and perfect wisdom had produced that mystic change of heart and soul which enabled him to rapidly free himself from all earthly entanglement, and to passionately attach himself to the world of reality, brought great fruits to the Faith.'[14]

Although he had been used to living fairly comfortably, Thomas now completely changed his way of life. He returned to his studies, and went to live in an inexpensive neighbourhood, probably at No. 14, Rue Leonie, the place of residence entered on his death certificate. The same document, discovered in 1979, tells us that he was working as a stenographer before his death. Although Thomas lived a long way from the city centre, he used always to go on foot to the Bahá’í meetings, in order to save his fare and make his contribution to the teaching work in Paris. He was the first Bahá’í in the West to pay Huququ’llah, the Right of God. No care for the future ever oppressed his mind. He had but one concern: to serve humanity until his last breath.

So abandoned was he to the creative forces latent in the Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh, that he was moved spontaneously in the smallest actions of his daily life to pour out that spirit of love and oneness to all.

May records one incident which illustrates his truly kind-hearted nature:

‘Well I remember the day we were crossing a bridge over the Seine on the top of a bus, when he spied an old woman labouriously pushing an apple-cart up an incline; excusing himself with a smile, he climbed down off the bus, joined the old woman, and in the most natural way put his hands on the bar and helped her over the bridge.’

She describes Thomas’s exemplary courtesy in the following manner:

The rock foundation on which the Bahá’í Revelation rests, “the oneness of mankind”, had penetrated his soul like an essence, taking on every form of human relationship, imbuing him with an insight and penetration into human needs, an intense sympathy and genuine love which made him a hope and refuge to all.’

She further relates:

‘Although we were fellow Bahá’ís and devoted friends, with everything in common, yet when he came to our home he gave his whole loving attention to my beautiful Mother, with but a scant word for me, yet as he took my hand in farewell, he slipped a little folded note into my palm with words of cheer and comfort, usually Words of Bahá’u’lláh.’

Admiringly, May concludes:

‘He knew the secret of imparting happiness and was the very embodiment of the Master’s words, ‘The star of happiness is in every heart. We must remove the veils so that it may shine forth radiantly.’ Thomas not only excelled in his social relations, he had become a guiding light in the Paris community in all matters concerning the teaching of the Cause.”In the meetings, he spoke with a simplicity and eloquence which won the hearts and quickened the souls, and the secret of his potent influence lay in his supreme recognition of the Manifestation of God in the Bab and in Bahá’u’lláh, and of the sublime Centre of the Covenant, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.

The potential which, from their first meeting, May had seen in this young man, was now manifest in its full splendour. The effects which this spiritual growth produced were then so remarkable, that May went so far as to comment:

‘He had become the guiding star of our group, his calmness and strength, his intense fervour, his immediate and all-penetrating grasp of the vast import to mankind in this age of the Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh, released among us forces which constituted a new epoch in the Cause in France.’

These words are especially poignant when one thinks of Thomas’s young age, of the influence he demonstrated both during his life and after his death. For, truly, he was unlike anyone else. The spiritual maturity he evinced was that of a much older person.

Thomas continued a fortnightly correspondence with Dr Yunis Khan, who shared all his letters with ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. He would inform Him of Thomas’s situation and of his desire to do the Master’s will. In one of his letters, Thomas asked whether the Master would permit him to leave Paris for a few days for England, should one of his parents become ill or die. Then, upon reflection, he thought it was not necessary to trouble ‘Abdu’l-Bahá with this question, since He would certainly reply as Christ had already replied, that he must ‘Let the dead bury their dead’. Dr. Khan read the message to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Who smiled and told him to reply that, today, ‘the living must bury the dead’.[15]

In one of Thomas’s later letters to ‘Akka, he said that he now understood what he must do, but was still hoping to please the Master more, to suffer more for his Beloved. No one yet knew what this suffering was of which he spoke. Matters became more complex when Thomas’s parents arrived in Paris, seeking to persuade him to return at once to England, to convalesce from his increasingly poor health. But Thomas steadfastly refused to leave Paris.

He asked ‘Abdu’l-Bahá to pray for his parents, so that they might become Bahá’ís. The Master replied that Thomas should not worry over that matter, and, only a fortnight later, Thomas informed ‘Abdu’l-Bahá that his father, who had previously disowned him for rejecting Primitive Methodism, had embraced the Bahá’í Faith. Edward Breakwell even went so far as to write his own letter of supplication to the Master. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá revealed a Tablet in his honour.

Thomas wrote to the Master, happily saying that, if he were Persian, he would have chosen to be a martyr. He had been admitted to hospital, and was in the tuberculosis ward. But news from the young man continued to reach ‘Akka, conveying an ever-increasing joy, despite his suffering.

Sometimes, when Dr. Khan read Thomas’s letters to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, the Master would remain silent. Dr. Khan knew that the ‘mysterious communion between the lover and the Beloved had no need of the spoken word.'[16] At other times, the Master would ask his secretary simply to convey His greetings. Although Thomas could have asked for healing, he never did, but prayed always for greater suffering. The more his illness consumed him, the greater his joy became.

Hippolyte Dreyfus, who was able to visit Thomas in hospital, relates how the young Englishman spoke to the other patients enthusiastically about the Bahá’í Faith. Some of his listeners were upset by his message, others criticized it. But Thomas, unperturbed, maintained his tranquillity and told them that he was not going to die, but was merely departing for the Kingdom of God, and that he would pray for them in heaven.

Writing of his pain, he said:

‘Suffering is a heady wine; I am prepared to receive that bounty which is the greatest of all; torments of the flesh have enabled me to draw much nearer to my Lord. All agony notwithstanding, I wish life to endure longer, so that I may taste more of pain. That which I desire is the good-pleasure of my Lord; mention me in His presence.'[17]

Thomas Breakwell breathed his last at seven p.m., on 13 June 1902, at No. 200, rue Faubourg Saint Denis. He was 30 years of age; he had been a Bahá’í for hardly one year. But from that moment on, he possessed all eternity to live and proclaim his Faith.

The mysterious nature of the unspoken communion between the lover and the Beloved can be seen in the way in which Yunis Khan learned of Thomas’s death.

‘I was accompanying the Master in the evening from the house where He received His visitors to His home by the seaside. All of a sudden He turned to me and said: ‘Have you heard?’ ‘No, Master,’ I replied, and He said: ‘Breakwell has passed away. I am grieved, very grieved. I have revealed a prayer of visitation for him. It is very moving, so moving that twice I could not withhold my tears when I was writing it. You must translate it well, so that whoever reads it will weep.’ I never knew who had given the Master the news of Breakwell’s death. If anyone had written or cabled either in English or French, that communication would have passed through my hands. Two days later the prayer of visitation was given to me. It wrung one’s heart, and I could not hold back my tears. I translated it into French, and later, with the help of Lua Getsinger, into English.[18]

Yunis Khan recounts the following story regarding the Master’s continuing attachment to Thomas, after his passing from this earthly plane:

‘Abdu’l-Bahá called me one day to His presence, to give me letters to translate. There were many envelopes sent from various places. While examining them still sealed, He, all of a sudden, picked out one and said: “How pleasing is the fragrance that emanates from this envelope. Make haste, open it and see where it comes from. Make Haste.”… In it there was a postcard … the postcard was coloured a beautiful shade, and attached to it was a solitary flower — a violet. Written in letters of gold were these words: “He is not dead. He lives on in the Kingdom of God.” Further, there was this sentence: ‘This flower was picked from Breakwell’s grave.’ When I told the Master what the message of the postcard was, He at once rose up from His seat, took the card, put it on His blessed brow, and tears flowed down His cheeks.'[19]

In a letter, enclosed with the card, Edward Breakwell wrote, ‘Praise be to the Lord that my son left this world for the next with the recognition and love of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.[20]

Thomas Breakwell’s grave was leased for five years, after which time, as no surviving members of his family kept up the payments on the plot, his bones were disinterred, cleaned, bundled and numbered, and as is the custom, placed in the cemetery’s charnel house. The section where Breakwell’s bones are stacked has long since been sealed and other sections built against it, which in turn have been filled.[21]

Since the time when Thomas’s bones were removed, two other people had been buried in this grave. When it became known to the Bahá’ís in Paris that the gravesite was once again vacant, the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of France applied for permission to erect a permanent monument to Thomas on the site. A competition was announced, and a number of Bahá’í architects submitted a variety of designs. Cemetery officials were reluctant to give approval for an elaborate monument, and the National Assembly had to settle for a simple but dignified stone.

Now that stone is in place, and has already become a focal point of pilgrimage. The Universal House of Justice has encouraged the French Bahá’í community to continue its efforts to retrieve Thomas’s remains from the charnel house and have them returned to their original grave.

In a Tablet to Ethel Rosenberg, another outstanding early British believer, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá stated that,

‘Holy places are undoubtedly centres of the outpouring of Divine grace, because on entering the illumined sites associated with martyrs and holy souls, and by observing reverence, both physical and spiritual, one’s heart is moved with great tenderness. …it is pleasing and acceptable in the sight of God if a person desires to draw nigh unto Him by visiting them…'[22]

On 14 June 1997, 95 years to the day since the mortal remains of Thomas Breakwell were laid to rest, a diverse group of Bahá’ís, representing the inheritors of that glorious legacy of faith which Thomas left to the world, gathered at the Pantin Cemetery in Paris, to honour his memory at the dedication of the newly erected memorial, and to participate in a celebration of Thomas’s life and legacy.[23]

Tablet Revealed by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

Grieve thou not over the ascension of my beloved Breakwell, for he hath risen unto a rose garden of splendours within the Abha Paradise, sheltered by the mercy of his mighty Lord, and he is crying at the top of his voice: ‘O that my people could know how graciously my Lord hath forgiven me, and made me to be of those who have attained His Presence!’O Breakwell, O my dear one! Where now is thy fair face? Where is thy fluent tongue? Where thy clear brow? Where thy bright comeliness?

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Where is thy fire, blazing with God’s love? Where is thy rapture at His holy breaths? Where are thy praises, lifted unto Him? Where is thy rising up to serve His Cause?

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Where are thy beauteous eyes? Thy smiling lips? The princely cheek? The graceful form?

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thou hast quit this earthly world and risen upward to the Kingdom, thou hast reached unto the grace of the invisible realm, and offered thyself at the threshold of its Lord.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thou hast left the lamp that was thy body here, the glass that was thy human form, thy earthy elements, thy way of life below.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thou hast lit a flame within the lamp of the Company on high, thou hast set foot in the Abha Paradise, thou hast found a shelter in the shadow of the Blessed Tree, thou hast attained His meeting in the haven of Heaven.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thou art now a bird of Heaven, thou hast quit thine earthly nest, and soared away to a garden of holiness in the kingdom of thy Lord. Thou hast risen to a station filled with light.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thy song is even as birdsong now, thou pourest forth verses as to the mercy of thy Lord; of Him Who forgiveth ever, thou wert a thankful servant, wherefore hast thou entered into exceeding bliss.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thy Lord hath verily singled thee out for His love, and hath led thee into His precincts of holiness, and made thee to enter the garden of those who are His close companions, and hath blessed thee with beholding His beauty.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thou hast won eternal life, and the bounty that faileth never, and a life to please thee well, and plenteous grace.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! Thou art become a star in the supernal sky, and a lamp amid the angels of high Heaven; a living spirit in the most exalted Kingdom, throned in eternity.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! I ask of God to draw thee ever closer, hold thee ever faster; to rejoice thy heart with nearness to His presence, to fill thee with light and still more light, to grant thee still more beauty, and to bestow upon thee power and great glory.

O Breakwell, O my dear one! At all times do I call thee to mind. I shall never forget thee. I pray for thee by day, by night; I see thee plain before me, as if in open day.

O Breakwell, O my dear one![24]

This sublime Tablet not only moves the reader, as ‘Abdu’l-Bahá wished, but also prompts one to ponder the unique character of Thomas Breakwell, that he should have attained such a station, should have become ‘a star in the supernal sky, and a lamp amid the angels of high Heaven’, ‘like unto the birds chanting the verses of thy Lord, the Forgiving’, should have been blessed with ‘beholding His Beauty’.

The terms used by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá are moving and significant. Yet, Thomas was a believer for a very short period of his life. One may also be surprised to read Shoghi Effendi, on the occasion of the passing of George Townshend, state that he merited a place beside Thomas Breakwell and John Esslemont as one of ‘three luminaries shedding brilliant lustre'[25]on the annals of the Irish, English and Scottish Bahá’í communities. Shoghi Effendi paid tribute to George Townshend’s ‘sterling qualities his scholarship his challenging writings high ecclesiastical position unrivalled any Bahá’í western world’;[26] John Esslemont was the author of a book which won singular praise from the Guardian, who said that it would ‘inspire generations yet unborn to tread the path of truth and service as steadfastly and as unostentatiously as was trodden by its beloved author.'[27] Both John Esslemont and George Townshend were designated Hands of the Cause of God by the Guardian of the Bahá’í Faith: the former posthumously,[28] the latter during his own lifetime.[29] That honour was never bestowed upon Thomas. Neither was he included among that group of twenty-one distinguished early western believers whom Shoghi Effendi designated ‘the Disciples of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’, and ‘Heralds of the Covenant’.[30]

Compared to the lasting achievements of Esslemont and Townshend, the significance of Thomas Breakwell’s life and death seems a mystery indeed. By all accounts he left no tangible legacy for posterity. He was a Bahá’í for less than a year. Until recently, even his final resting place was left unmarked. One can but wonder why it was that ‘Abdu’l-Bahá should have written about him in such glowing terms; and why Shoghi Effendi should have named him one of these ‘three luminaries’, and ranked him as co-equal in such exalted company.

Many intriguing issues arise when one ponders such questions as: Why did Thomas long for death so? Why did he wish for more suffering? How did he know that he would please God by drinking from the cup of sorrow, when, in any case he could not escape it? Were not his qualities of more benefit to humanity when he was living rather than dead?

How can one explain all this deployment of mysterious forces which led him to come into contact with the Bahá’í Faith, then live for such a short time after that? Is there some kind of hidden meaning to his life?

Perhaps ‘Abdu’l-Bahá Himself may lift the veil a little for us. In the last talk He gave in Paris, on December 1, 1911, nine years after the death of Thomas Breakwell, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá said:

‘When I arrived in Paris some time ago for the first time, I looked around me with much interest, and in my mind I likened this beautiful city to a large garden.’With loving care and much thought I examined the soil, and found it to be very good and full of possibility for steadfast faith and firm belief, for a seed of God’s love has been cast into the ground.'[31]

It is tempting to conclude that Thomas Breakwell was chosen to be the seed of the love of God of which ‘Abdu’l-Bahá speaks here. Planted by the hand of the Master Himself, it was helped to grow and flourish, and to produce fresh seedlings whose maturation would signal a decisive stage in the history of the Faith in this capital city. Such was his destiny! Is this why Thomas Breakwell was so on fire, and so urgently wished to give his life, to drink the cup of suffering, because he knew that he would serve the Cause better this way, since God had bestowed tremendous hidden powers on him?

Thomas’s sacrifice recalls that of Mirza Mihdi, Bahá’u’lláh’s youngest son, whose death released such forces as to throw open the doors of the prison which hid the Manifestation of God from the eyes of the world.

What similar forces were released by the sacrifice of Thomas Breakwell?

If May Bolles, even at that time, thought that he had liberated forces in the Parisian Bahá’í community, the appearance of which launched a new epoch in the Cause, if she claimed that the spirit of Thomas Breakwell continues to live, ‘not alone in the hearts and memories of the Bahá’ís, but is also welded into the very structure of the World Order’, what can be said today, now that almost a hundred years separates us from the time of Thomas’s passing?

Spiritual Rank and Station

It is probably impossible for most of us to truly comprehend the spiritual station of the great souls of religious history. Thankfully, however, the Bahá’í Writings do cast light on some aspects of the glorious rank which Thomas Breakwell appears to have attained.

The Seven Valleys by Bahá’u’lláh and the prayer of visitation revealed by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in honour of Thomas Breakwell are two texts which offer distinct but complementary approaches to understanding spiritual reality. One revealing the process of evolution that every soul must undergo, and the other, the heights to which it may aspire.

Breakwell’s Mystical Journey

Bahá’u’lláh’s Seven Valleys traces the mystical journey of the spiritual seeker, and the joys and sorrows to be encountered along that pathway. The life of Thomas Breakwell takes on a deeper meaning when considered in the light of that mystical work.

The spiritual odyssey of Thomas Breakwell could be described imaginatively here, and may, in turn, set an example by which to approach The Seven Valleys itself. The concordance of incidents from what we know of Thomas’s inner and outer life, with Bahá’u’lláh’s descriptions of the tests and triumphs of spiritual advancement, may be said to be striking indeed.

Thomas Breakwell’s progress towards God could be said to take him through each of the Seven Valleys. This young man was first attracted to Theosophy and the fashionable spiritualist theories of this day. In this condition, he travels through the Valley of Search and seeks for the ‘Beauty of the Friend'[32] with the fervour of a mystic lover. ‘How many a Jacob will he see, hunting after his Joseph’, and how many lovers, ‘hasting to seek the Beloved’, before being guided to May Bolles?

Did not the ‘aid from the Invisible Realm’ guide his steps when, walking through the streets of Paris, he heard a voice announcing the return of Christ to him, and did not the ‘heat of his search’ ‘grow’ as soon as he, in a state of exaltation, returned to see his friend May and tell her of his strange experience? ‘And if, by the help of God,’ as Bahá’u’lláh describes it, ‘he findeth on this journey a trace of the traceless Friend’, and ‘inhaleth the fragrance of the long-lost Joseph from the heavenly messenger, he shall straightway step into the Valley of Love and be dissolved in the fire of love.’

Did he not feel, from that moment, the ultimate longing to see his Beloved — ‘Abdu’l-Bahá — as soon as he had declared his faith? Thomas was now ‘unaware of himself, and of aught else besides himself.’ He saw ‘neither ignorance nor knowledge, neither doubt nor certitude’. He abandoned all his former plans and set sail for ‘Akka. But the seeker had not yet acquired the certitude of the True Believer, for in the Valley of Love, ‘if there be no pain this journey will never end.’

Having actually reached the prison city of ‘Akka, Thomas was seized by fear while awaiting the arrival of the Master. Doubts assailed him. He wondered why he had come so far to that remote prison? He did not know that ‘until, like Jacob, thou forsake thine outward eyes, thou shalt never open the eye of thine inward being; and until thou burn with the fire of love, thou shalt never commune with the Lover of Longing.’ It appears at this stage that Thomas remained attached to the material world, and so was unable to experience the same joy as his travelling companion, Herbert Hopper. It was not until, seated by the Master’s side, that the veil was suddenly lifted. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s loving presence touched his soul, revealing to him at once, the real nature of life’s vanities and injustices.

Thomas was not one of those many souls who choose to remain deprived of the spirit of life by wrapping themselves in veils of materialism. He possessed ‘great qualities’ which enabled him to know ‘the fire of love’. Soon the overwhelming sense of solitude and despair which had first enveloped him became dissolved through the intense flame of his pure-hearted devotion. Instead, he was seized by transports of delight through meeting at last his beloved Master. His ego and all its attachments was forgotten. He thus entered the Valley of Knowledge, where he came ‘out of doubt into certitude’, and ‘from the darkness of illusion to the guiding light of the fear of God’.

Thomas could now leave ‘Akka satisfied, and begin to ‘privily converse with his Beloved’ when, as he was departing, he turned one last time to pay homage to that holy place. ‘With inward and outward eyes he witnesseth’, from then onwards, ‘the mysteries of resurrection in the realms of creation and the souls of men.’

When Thomas made his way back from ‘Akka to Paris, where, at the Master’s wish, he was going to settle, the spiritual journey of his soul was continuing. ‘He beholdeth justice in injustice, an din justice, grace. In ignorance he findeth many a knowledge hidden, and in knowledge a myriad of wisdoms manifest.’ In Paris, Thomas devoted himself to teaching the Cause and displayed great solicitude to everyone, as May Bolles noted: ‘If he meeteth with injustice he shall have patience and if he cometh upon wrath, he shall manifest love.’ Is not this how Thomas reacted when he became aware that he himself was doomed in this mortal world? His illness was consuming him; he knew he could not escape it. Before the injustice of this enemy which had attacked him while still so young, did he not manifest courage and gratitude to God?

‘Those who journey in the garden-land of knowledge,’ explains Bahá’u’lláh, ‘because they see the end in the beginning, see peace in war and friendliness in anger.’

‘After passing through the Valley of Knowledge, which is the last plane of limitation, the wayfarer cometh to the Valley of Unity and drinketh from the cup of the Absolute, and gazeth on the Manifestations of Oneness.’

May Bolles said of Thomas Breakwell that he had so well understood the spirit of unity inherent in the religion of Bahá’u’lláh that his very essence was impregnated with it. Thomas entered into a mystic union with God, upon Whom he continually called in prayer. ‘He burned with such a fire of love that his frail body seemed to be gradually consumed.’ He seemed to be passing through the Valley of Contentment: ‘From sorrow he turneth to bliss, from anguish to joy. His grief and mourning yield to delight and rapture… The wayfarer in this Valley may dwell upon the dust, yet inwardly they are throned in the heights of mystic meaning; they eat of the endless bounties of inner significance, and drink of the delicate wines of the spirit.’

Thomas Breakwell, poor, alone, weak and emaciated by his illness, nevertheless felt intensely what it was to traverse this Valley: ‘and thou wilt loose thyself from all things else, and bind thyself to Him, and throw thy life down in His path, and cast thy soul away.’ Was not this very sacrifice what Thomas was in fact seeking when he wrote to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, expressing his wish to be a martyr? Did he not see his impending death as just such a sacrificial act? Can one imagine a more fervent lover than this young man who, by now in the grip of an incurable illness, thanked his Lord for his condition, and asked to be allowed to drink more deeply of the wine of suffering?

The Valley of Wonderment is also one of perplexity where the True Believer ‘seeth the shape of wealth as poverty itself, and the essence of freedom as sheer impotence. Now he is struck dumb with the beauty of the All-Glorious; again he is wearied out with his own life. How many a mystic tree hath this whirlwind of wonderment snatched by the roots’, asks Bahá’u’lláh, and ‘how many a soul hath it exhausted?’ But Thomas remained firm.

Hippolyte Dreyfus, who visited Thomas in hospital, was astonished by his indomitable spirit.

‘After scaling the high summits of wonderment the wayfarer cometh to the Valley of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness. This station is the dying from self and the living in God … being poor in the things of the created world, rich in the things of God’s world. For when the true lover and devoted friend reacheth to the presence of the Beloved, the sparkling beauty of the Loved One and the fire of the lover’s heart will kindle a blaze and burn away all veils… Yea, all that he hath, from heart to skin, will be set aflame, so that nothing will remain save the Friend.’

Thomas Breakwell departed this life a poor man, with not even enough to purchase a plot of earth for the repose of his earthly remains. Though his body may be lost in a common grave in this world, his soul nevertheless shines on high, and tastes the glory and joy of those who have ‘attained the Presence of God’. Such was his life, and such could be that of all true believers,[33] of whom Thomas Breakwell is surely an illustrious example.

Breakwell’s Luminous Station

Thomas Breakwell possessed great spiritual capacity, and was courageous in the way he manifested it. These two factors determine the spiritual rank and station which each soul occupies.

Yet there is, it would seem, a very important difference. One’s spiritual station is conferred by God, and is entirely dependent on His grace. One may lose it, but one cannot ‘earn’ it. Rank is a degree of spiritual development which the individual acquires by his or her own efforts, and which distinguishes him or her from any other believer.

Thomas Breakwell’s rank is much less of a mystery to us than his station. Consider how baffling it may at first seem when we read that Shoghi Effendi describes George Townshend, John Esslemont and Thomas Breakwell as being equal in rank. On the other hand, Thomas Breakwell appears to have been endowed by God with an exceptional station, higher than that of any other Western believer.

What is the spiritual nature of this station? A close study of the prayer of visitation revealed by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in honour of Thomas Breakwell perhaps allows us a glimpse of its greatness.

When we refer to the original Arabic language of this Tablet, and consider some of the precise terminology which the Master employs, we see that Thomas Breakwell was one of those rare souls who was able to attain the ultimate goal of his life (fa’izin). The greatness of this goal is clearly revealed in the Arabic version, though it is perhaps not so apparent in either the French or English translations, as neither of those languages contains words or phrases which can convey the equivalent meanings and allusions of the Arabic. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá writes, literally: ‘Thou hast forsaken the world of Nasut and ascended to that of Malakut, and by the grace of God thou hast attained to Lahut and reached the threshold (atabat) of the Lord of Jabarut'[34]

The world of Lahut may be described as the realm of the Divine Will or Logos where the divine names and attributes of God are first revealed. Here the divine Manifestations exist in a condition of complete union with the Essence of god. In Bahá’í terminology this is sometimes referred to as ‘The Heavenly Court’, or the ‘All-Glorious Horizon’. The realm of Jabarut is where these manifestations of God’s Will acquire their individual existence, the form in which they become known among us, revealing God’s actions and decrees in each dispensation.

Then comes the realm of Malakut, which is the world of the soul. In the Bahá’í scriptures this is also known as the Kingdom of Abha, where, beyond physical death, the human soul pursues spiritual development on the infinite journey toward God. The world of Malakut is arranged in a hierarchy according to the spiritual development of the souls and their station.

According to this hierarchy of the worlds of God, we may describe the spiritual journey of Thomas Breakwell as having left the world of Nasut (the plane of the human condition), to rise, first of all, to the world of Malakut, the world of the soul, and by a special grace, reach the world of Lahut, the world of Divinity where he attained the sacred Threshold of the Lord of Jabarut.

This suggests that Thomas Breakwell attained the presence of the divine Manifestation (Bahá’u’lláh), in that station of splendour and power, distinct from His station in the world of Malakut. For the world of Jabarut is, at the same time, the world of the Divine Will and also the World of the Manifestation.

So, Thomas Breakwell without having entered into the heart of the world of the divine Manifestation, attained that point which marks its frontier, the Tree of Tuba (as it is in the original Arabic), also called the Sadratu’l-Muntaha (the name given to the last tree of an oasis before the desert begins), beyond which he caught sight of the world of the Manifestation of God and the Face of God, as is promised in the Qur’an. This is the highest station to which a human being can attain.

In a Tablet which Bahá’u’lláh devotes to the qualities and station of the ‘true believer’, this meeting is described in the following manner: ‘Such a man hath attained the knowledge of the station of Him Who is “at the distance of two bows”, Who standeth beyond the Sadratu’l-Muntaha.'[35]

In the Qur’an, the Sadratu’l-Muntaha refers to the point which marks the inaccessibility of God.

This Tablet also furnishes details of the conditions of life in the next world, the life of those souls who have attained the highest level of spiritual being. They are entrusted with a special service which plunges them into such extremes of joy that they sing the praises of God and chant verses which rain down upon the whole of creation. Their sustenance is the contemplation of the Beauty of the Manifestation.

Thus it was that Thomas Breakwell received the grace of God, Who granted him, above and beyond the spiritual rank achieved through his own efforts, the exalted station of one of ‘His close companions’.[36] In final tribute, in the words of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá Who wrote so definitively of Thomas, ‘Thy Lord hath verily singled thee out for His love.'[37]

Source:
1 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Selections from the Writings of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, comp. Research Department of the Universal House of Justice, trans. a committee at the Bahá’í World Centre and by Marzieh Gail, 1st pocket size ed. (Wilmette, Ill: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1997), 158.12, p. 198.2 Shoghi Effendi, from a cablegram to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the British Isles, 27 March 1957, Unfolding Destiny: The Messages from the Guardian of the Bahá’í Faith to the Bahá’í Community of the British Isles (London: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1981), p. 377.3 This paragraph is from Robert Weinberg, Ethel Jenner Rosenberg: The Life and Times of England’s Outstanding Bahá’í Pioneer Worker (Oxford: George Ronald, 1995), p. 42.4 For an account of that historic visit, see May Maxwell, An Early Pilgrimage (Oxford: George Ronald Publisher, 1976 ed.)5 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, ‘The Most Important Work’, Star of the West, vol. IV, no 15, p. 256 (bound vol. 3). (Oxford: George Ronald, 1978).6 Charles Mason Remey, cited in Marion Holley, ‘May Ellis Maxwell’, The Bahá’í World: A Biennial International Record, prepared under the supervision of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada with the approval of Shoghi Effendi, vol. VII (95 and 96 of the Bahá’í Era, 1938-1940 A.D.), (Wilmette, Ill: Bahá’í Publishing Committee, 1942), p. 634.7 This paragraph is adapted from Weinberg, p. 43.8 Unless otherwise stated, all quotations in this section are taken from May Maxwell, ‘A Brief Account of Thomas Breakwell’,The Bahá’í World, vol. VII (93 and 94 of the Bahá’í Era, April 1936-1938 AD), (New York: Bahá’í Publishing Committee, 1939), pp. 707-11.9 Marion Holley, op. cit., p. 635.10 May Maxwell, ‘A Brief Account of Thomas Breakwell’, p. 709.11 Yunis Khan Afrukhtih, cited in H. M. Balyuzi, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá: The Centre of the Covenant of Bahá’u’lláh (Oxford: George Ronald, 1971), p. 77.12 Ibid.13 Ibid.14 Unless otherwise stated, all quotations in this section are taken from May Maxwell, ‘A Brief Account of Thomas Breakwell’.15 A. Q. Faizi, ‘A Precious Gift’, Bahá’í Journal, Nov. 1969.16 Yunis Khan, cited in Balyuzi, p. 78.17 Thomas Breakwell, cited ibid.18 Ibid., pp. 79-9.19 Ibid., p. 80.20 Cited in Weinberg, p. 46.21 Ibid., pp. 46-7.22 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, cited in Universal House of Justice, A Synopsis and Codification of The Kitab-i-Aqdas (Haifa: Bahá’í World Centre, 1973), p. 61.23 For more information, see Rob Weinberg, ‘The Commemoration of Thomas Breakwell’, Bahá’í Journal, September 1997, pp. 12-13.24 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Selections, 185.1-15, pp. 196-9.25 Shoghi Effendi, Unfolding Destiny, p. 377.26 Ibid.27 Shoghi Effendi, from a message ‘To the beloved of God and the handmaids of the Merciful in the East and in the West’, 30 November 1925, ibid., p. 43.28 Ibid.29 See Shoghi Effendi, cablegram 24 December 1951, Messages to the Bahá’í World 1950-1957 (Wilmette, Ill: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1995 reprint), p. 20.30 See The Bahá’í World, vol. III, pp. 84-5. Also, The Bahá’í World, vol. IV, pp. 118-19.-Permission given by George Ronald, Publishers31 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Paris Talks: Addresses Given by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in 1911, 12th rev. ed. (London: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1995), 53.1-2, pp. 178-8. Emphasis added.32 Unless otherwise stated, all quotation is this section are from Bahá’u’lláh, The Seven Valleys, trans. Ali Kuli Khan and Marzieh Gail London: Nightingale Books, 1992).33 For a discussion of the attributes and station of the true believer, see Adib Taherzadeh, The Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh, Volume One: Baghdad 1853-63, rev. ed. (Oxford: George Ronald, 1976), pp. 238-9, 243.-Permission given by George Ronald, Publishers34 See Bahá’u’lláh, op cit., pp. 63-4. For a discussion of the hierarchy of the worlds of God, see Moojan Momen, ‘Relativism: A Basis for Bahá’í metaphysics’, in Moojan Momen (ed), Studies in the Babi and Bahá’í Religions, vol. 5: Studies in Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1988), pp. 185-217.35 Bahá’u’lláh, Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh, comp. and trans. Shoghi Effendi, rev. ed. (London: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1978), XXIX, p. 70.36 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Selections, 158.10, p. 198.37 Ibid.